Alt Text for Figures
Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition
Chapter 35: Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes

Figure 35.1 -- Bar chart showing that the mortality rate improved from 386 per 1,000 in 1914-1922 to 61 per 1,000 in 1922-1926, a sixfold reduction after bovine insulin became available in 1922.

Figure 35.2 -- Pie charts showing that by the 1950s and 1960s, diabetic comas accounted for 1% or less of all deaths in type 1 diabetes patients, with the proportion declining by age.

Figure 35.3 -- Bar chart showing that the proportion of deaths among type 1 diabetes patients due to cardiovascular disease or renal disease tripled by the 1960s compared to the pre-insulin era.

Figure 35.4 -- Bar chart showing that mortality among type 1 diabetes patients was 5 to 12 times higher compared to that expected for the U.S. population of the same sex and age.

Figure 35.5 -- Dot chart showing that diabetes-related mortality prior to age 20 decreased 61%, from 2.7 deaths per million per year in 1968 to 1969 to 1.0 deaths per million per year in 2008 to 2009.

Figure 35.6 -- Bar chart showing that the cumulative mortality after 25 years duration of type 1 diabetes declined from 35% for those diagnosed in the 1950s to 7% for those diagnosed in the early 1970s.

Figure 35.7 -- Bar chart showing that life expectancy for the Allegheny County Registry diagnosed between 1965 and 1979 was 67 years, which was comparable to the Pittsburgh E D C study.

Figure 35.8 -- Bar chart showing a significant temporal improvement in standardized mortality ratios by diagnosis year.

Figure 35.9 -- Bar chart showing that sex-specific standardized mortality ratios for type 1 diabetes were higher in females compared to males. 

Figure 35.10 -- Bar chart showing elevated standardized mortality ratios among African Americans with type 1 diabetes compared to African Americans in the general population.

Figure 35.11 A -- Panel A bar chart showing that females with type 1 diabetes for less than 10 years in duration have higher mortality rates for acute complications; males have higher mortality rates for non-diabetes deaths. 

Figure 35.11 B -- Panel B bar chart showing that mortality rates for all major diabetes-related complications are higher in African Americans compared to Caucasians with type 1 diabetes.

Figure 35.11 C -- Panel C bar chart showing that no changes in cause-specific mortality distributions occurred in those diagnosed in the 1970s compared to the 1960s.

Figure 35.12 A -- Panel A bar chart showing that acute complications contributed to 93% of deaths in females and 40% in males within 10 years after diabetes diagnosis. 

Figure 35.12 B -- Panel B bar chart showing that cardiovascular disease contributed to more than half of all deaths after 20 years of diabetes. 

Figure 35.12 C -- Panel C bar chart showing that end-stage renal disease contributed to nearly 50% of those who died after 10 years duration of type 1 diabetes, including secondary causes of death.

Figure 35.13 -- Bar charts showing that compared to Allegheny County Registry, the Norway Type 1 Diabetes Cohort had fewer cardiovascular disease and infection deaths, but more acute complications and violent deaths.

Figure 35.14 -- Line graph showing a lower overall mortality in the intensive therapy group, although the absolute risk difference was small.

Figure 35.15 -- Bar graph showing that in the absence of microalbuminuria, people with type 1 diabetes appear to have mortality rates similar to those in the general population over a 7-year period.