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Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition
Chapter 25: IMPACT OF SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN DISTURBANCES ON GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND TYPE 2 DIABETES

Figure 25.1 -- 
Bar graph showing insulin sensitivity reduced 16 to 32% after sleep restriction or sleep fragmentation and 58% after both sleep restriction and circadian misalignment


Figure 25.2 -- 
Flow chart showing pathways in which short sleep duration and sleep fragmentation lead to decreased beta-cell function and increased insulin resistance, and ultimately to type 2 diabetes


Figure 25.3 -- 
Tracing of 3 types of sleep apnea, including obstructive, central, and mixed apnea, each with a distinct pattern of oxyhemoglobin saturation, airflow, and thoracic and abdominal movement
Figure 25.4 -- 
Bar chart showing the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea among people with type 2 diabetes ranged from 58% to 86% in 7 separate studies


Figure 25.5 -- 
Flow chart showing possible pathways in which obstructive sleep apnea leads to insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and ultimately type 2 diabetes
Figure 25.6 -- 
Flow chart showing that sunlight affects the S C N, which in turn uses neural and hormonal signals to other organs in order to regulate the circadian rhythm
Figure 25.7 -- 
Bar chart showing a mean A1c of 7.0% in those with the earliest chronotype and increasing to 8.3% in those with the latest chronotype