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Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition 
Chapter 9: Physical and Metabolic Characteristics of Persons With Diabetes and Prediabetes

Figure 9.1 -- Bar graph showing A1c levels highest in those treated with diabetes medication, followed by those with untreated diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes, and even lower in those with prediabetes.

Figure 9.2 -- Bar graph showing patterns of A1c concentrations by diabetes group were similar by race/ethnicity and levels were generally higher among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans than non-Hispanic whites.

Figure 9.3 -- Bar graph showing age-standardized mean A1c among those with diagnosed diabetes was generally higher among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans than non-Hispanic whites.

Figure 9.4 -- Line graph showing equivalent percentiles of the A1c distribution among people without diagnosed diabetes were higher in older age groups, and this difference was greater at the upper end of the distributions.

Figure 9.5 -- Line graph showing equivalent percentiles of the A1c distribution among people without diagnosed diabetes were lower for non-Hispanic whites than non-Hispanic blacks or Mexican Americans.

Figure 9.6 -- Line graph showing equivalent percentiles of the A1c distribution among people without diagnosed diabetes were virtually identical for men and women.

Figure 9.7 -- Bar graph showing mean fasting plasma glucose was higher in those treated with medication and those with undiagnosed diabetes defined by A1c or F P G, and lower in those with untreated diagnosed diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes defined by A1c, F P G, or 2-hour P G.

Figure 9.8 -- Bar graph showing mean fasting plasma glucose patterns by diabetes status and age were similar for non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans.

Figure 9.9 -- Bar graph showing the age-standardized mean fasting plasma glucose in those with diagnosed diabetes was higher among Mexican Americans than non-Hispanic whites or non-Hispanic blacks.

Figure 9.10 -- Line graph showing equivalent percentiles of the fasting plasma glucose distribution among people without diagnosed diabetes were higher in older age groups.

Figure 9.11 -- Line graph showing equivalent percentiles of the fasting plasma glucose distribution among people without diagnosed diabetes were higher for Mexican Americans than non-Hispanic whites or non-Hispanic blacks.

Figure 9.12 -- Line graph showing equivalent percentiles of the fasting plasma glucose distribution among people without diagnosed diabetes were higher for men than women.

Figure 9.13 -- Bar graph showing mean 2-hour plasma glucose concentrations were higher in those with undiagnosed diabetes than those with untreated diagnosed diabetes, and even lower in prediabetes.

Figure 9.14 -- Bar graph showing mean 2-hour plasma glucose patterns by diabetes status were similar among each race ethnicity, and total levels were lower in non-Hispanic blacks than Mexican Americans.

Figure 9.15 -- Line graph showing equivalent percentiles of the 2-hour plasma glucose distribution among people without diagnosed diabetes were higher in older age groups.

Figure 9.16 -- Line graph showing equivalent percentiles of the 2-hour plasma glucose distribution among people without diagnosed diabetes were lower in non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks than Mexican Americans.

Figure 9.17 -- Line graph showing equivalent percentiles of the 2-hour plasma glucose distribution among people without diagnosed diabetes were similar for men and women.

Figure 9.18 -- Bar graph showing mean fasting insulin levels were higher in people with undiagnosed diabetes than people with diagnosed diabetes who were untreated or oral medication treated. 

Figure 9.19 -- Bar graph showing mean fasting insulin patterns by diabetes status and age were similar among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American participants.

Figure 9.20 -- Line graph showing equivalent percentiles of the fasting insulin distribution among people without diagnosed diabetes were similar across age, except the upper percentiles were lower in older people.

Figure 9.21 -- Line graph showing equivalent percentiles of the fasting insulin distribution among people without diagnosed diabetes were lower in non-Hispanic whites than in non-Hispanic blacks or Mexican Americans.

Figure 9.22 -- Line graph showing equivalent percentiles of the fasting insulin distribution were similar by sex at the low end of the distribution and progressively separate towards the upper end, with higher levels in men.

Figure 9.23 -- Bar graph showing a family history of diabetes was highest among people with diagnosed diabetes, then undiagnosed diabetes, and lowest in prediabetes and normal glucose regulation.

Figure 9.24 -- Bar graph showing that within each age group, people with diabetes had a higher mean B M I than people with prediabetes, and those with normal glucose regulation had the lowest B M I.

Figure 9.25 -- Bar graph showing that patterns of B M I by diabetes status were similar for each race ethnicity group, with a higher B M I in those with diabetes compared to those with prediabetes.

Figure 9.26 -- Bar graph showing that among people with diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes, 86% of men and 85% of women were overweight or obese.

Figure 9.27 -- Bar graph showing that within each age group, people with diabetes had a higher mean waist circumference than those with prediabetes, and those with normal glucose regulation had the lowest.

Figure 9.28 -- Bar graph showing that among people with diagnosed diabetes, mean waist circumference was lower in in Mexicans Americans than non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks.

Figure 9.29 -- Pie chart showing that the percentage of people with both general obesity and abdominal obesity was highest among those with diabetes and lowest among those with normal glucose regulation.

Figure 9.30 -- Bar graph showing that people with diabetes had a higher mean systolic blood pressure than people with prediabetes, and those with normal glucose regulation had the lowest mean.

Figure 9.31 -- Bar graph showing when stratified by antihypertension medication use, the difference in systolic blood pressure by diabetes status was attenuated in those on antihypertensive medication.

Figure 9.32 -- Bar graph showing among people age 20 to 44, those with diabetes had higher mean diastolic B P than people with prediabetes, and those with normal glucose regulation had the lowest.

Figure 9.33 -- Bar graph showing among those not taking antihypertensive medications, diastolic B P was higher in undiagnosed diabetes than in diagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, or normal glucose. 

Figure 9.34 -- Bar graph showing people with diabetes had a higher prevalence of hypertension than people with prediabetes, and those with normal glucose had the lowest prevalence of hypertension.

Figure 9.35 -- Bar graph showing among people age 20 to 44, those with undiagnosed diabetes, but not those with diagnosed, had higher total cholesterol than those with prediabetes or normal glucose. 

Figure 9.36 -- Bar graph showing that persons with diagnosed diabetes had lower mean total cholesterol than those in other diabetes categories, among people untreated with lipid-lowering medication.

Figure 9.37 -- Bar graph showing that among people over age 45, those with diagnosed diabetes had a lower prevalence of elevated total cholesterol than those in other diabetes categories.

Figure 9.38 -- Bar graph showing people with diabetes generally had lower mean H D L cholesterol than people with prediabetes, and those with normal glucose regulation had the highest mean H D L cholesterol.

Figure 9.39 -- Bar graph showing that H D L cholesterol patterns according to diabetes status were similar when stratified by lipid-lowering medication.

Figure 9.40 -- Bar graph showing the age stratified prevalence of low H D L cholesterol was higher among people with diabetes than people with prediabetes, and it was lowest among people with normal glucose.

Figure 9.41 -- Bar graph showing that mean L D L cholesterol was lower in those with diagnosed diabetes than people in other diabetes status categories after stratifying by age.

Figure 9.42 -- Bar graph showing persons with diagnosed diabetes generally had lower mean L D L cholesterol than those in other diabetes categories after stratifying by lipid-lowering medication.

Figure 9.43 -- Bar graph showing that people with diagnosed diabetes generally had a lower prevalence of elevated L D L cholesterol than those with undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, or normal glucose.

Figure 9.44 -- Bar graph showing that mean triglycerides were generally higher in people with diabetes than people with prediabetes or normal glucose regulation.

Figure 9.45 -- Bar graph showing that those with undiagnosed diabetes had higher mean triglycerides than people in other diabetes categories, only among those not taking lipid-lowering medication.

Figure 9.46 -- Bar graph showing the prevalence of elevated triglycerides was generally higher among people with diabetes than among people with prediabetes or normal glucose after stratifying by age.

Figure 9.47 -- Bar graph showing that elevated C R P prevalence was higher among people with diabetes than among people with prediabetes, and lowest among those with normal glucose after stratifying by age.

Figure 9.48 -- Bar graph showing mean fibrinogen was higher in people with diagnosed diabetes than those with undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and normal glucose, especially in those over age 65.

Figure 9.49 -- Bar graph showing that women with diagnosed diabetes had a higher mean number of live births than women who had not been diagnosed with diabetes after stratifying by age.

Figure 9.50 -- Bar graph showing the highest prevalence of self-reported fair or poor health was in those with diagnosed diabetes, followed by undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and then normal glucose.