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Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition
Chapter 1: CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES

Figure 1.1 -- Line graph showing the development of type 2 diabetes in Native American Pima Indians and the progressive loss of insulin secretion. 

Figure 1.2 -- Line graphs showing glucose cutpoints associated with increased risk of retinopathy among Pima Indian, Egyptian, and NHANES populations. 

Figure 1.3 -- Line graphs showing the increase in diabetes-specific retinopathy at specific cut-points of fasting plasma glycose, 2-hour plasma glycose, or A1c.

Figure 1.4 -- Line graph showing the prevalence of diabetes-specific retinopathy according to measures of fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose, and A1c.

Figure 1.5 -- Line graphs showing the ability of fasting plasma glucose and A1c to predict diabetic retinopathy ten years after baseline measures.

Figure 1.6 -- Line graph showing an increase in fasting plasma glucose and A1c with age for both men and women.

Figure 1.7 -- Line graphs showing that A1c levels are highest in non-Hispanic blacks and lowest in non-Hispanic whites by age in those with normal glucose tolerance and those high-risk for diabetes.

Figure 1.8 -- Bar graph showing that impaired fasting glucose is more likely associated with defective insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance with insulin resistance.

Figure 1.9 -- Bar graph showing that the prevalence of impaired glucose regulation increases with increasing age for both men and women. 

Figure 1.10 -- Bar graph showing that an A1c range of 6 to 6.4 percent yielded the highest odds ratio for the development of diabetes in the United States.

Figure 1.11 -- Venn diagram showing that 7.7 percent of adults in the United States had both A1c 5.7 to 6.4 percent and impaired fasting glucose 100 to 125 milligrams per deciliter.

Figure 1.12 -- Line graphs showing that the addition of fructosamine or glycated albumin to fasting plasma glucose or A1c measures may improve the strength of predicting diabetes.

Figure 1.13 -- Line graph showing no significant benefit in preventing cardiovascular disease in patients randomized to intensive A1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol targets.

Figure 1.14 -- Line graphs showing greater physical activity and weight loss 2 years after a diagnosis of diabetes but these health benefits dissipating in succeeding years.

Figure 1.15 -- Line graph showing that the rate of conversion to autoantibody positivity was much higher in children less than 10 years old than among those 10 and older.

Figure 1.16 -- Flow chart showing differences in conventional and the I A D P S G recommendations for screening and cutpoints for gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy.