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Diabetes in America
June 2026
Diabetes in America is the NIDDK’s compilation and assessment of epidemiologic, public health, clinical research, and clinical trial data focused on diabetes, its complications and treatment, health care utilization, and diabetes prevention in the United States. These data are intended to be a valuable resource for the research community, clinicians, policy makers, and individuals with diabetes, as well as their caregivers and family members.
There have been three printed editions of Diabetes in America. It was first published in 1984; the second and third editions were published in 1995 and 2018, respectively. The third edition is also available on the National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine’s (NLM) Bookshelf , which expands access to the scientific community through its link to PubMed® .
Diabetes in America has been migrated to an exclusively digital format. Each updated or new article will be available in this Report and on NLM’s Bookshelf. It will also be indexed in PubMed. This was done to remain dynamic as scientific knowledge related to diabetes advances.
Diabetes in America is organized into four broad topic areas.
- Section I: Spectrum of Diabetes . Provides descriptive epidemiology of diabetes in the United States based on national surveys and community-based studies, including prevalence estimates and incidence rates; sociodemographic, metabolic, and lifestyle characteristics; risk factors for developing diabetes; and unique aspects of diabetes in selected populations.
- Section II: Complications of Diabetes and Related Conditions . Reviews the complications that affect people with diabetes, including mortality.
- Section III: Medical Care for Diabetes . Describes diabetes medication use and self-care practices, health care utilization, and quality of care; and economic aspects including health insurance and health care costs for people with diabetes.
- Section IV: Prevention of Diabetes . Presents the results of clinical trials and other intervention studies that focus on the prevention of diabetes.
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Diabetes in America
Editors:
Jean M. Lawrence, ScD, MPH, MSSA, Sarah Stark Casagrande, PhD, William H. Herman, MD, Deborah J. Wexler, MD, and William T. Cefalu, MD.
Section I: Spectrum of Diabetes
Diabetes in Children and Adolescents—2025
Barbara H. Braffett, PhD, Tessa Crume, PhD, Petter Bjornstad, MD, and Dana Dabelea, MD, PhD
PMID: 41428835
Lauren M. Mitchell, MD, MS, Megan Huisingh-Scheetz, MD, MPH, and Elbert S. Huang, MD, MPH
PMID: 42160656
Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes—2023
Maria J. Redondo, MD, PhD, MPH, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, PhD, and Kyle J. Gaulton, PhD
PMID: 38117927
Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes—2023
Raymond J. Kreienkamp, MD, PhD, Benjamin F. Voight, PhD, Anna L. Gloyn, DPhil, and Miriam S. Udler, MD, PhD
PMID: 38117926
Monogenic Forms of Diabetes—2023
Maria V. Salguero, MD, MSc, Marilyn Arosemena, MD, Toni Pollin, PhD, Siri Atma W. Greeley, MD, PhD, Rochelle N. Naylor, MD, Lisa Letourneau-Freiberg, MPH, RD, Tiana L. Bowden, Diane Wei, and Louis H. Philipson, MD, PhD
PMID: 38117925
Rachel G. Miller, PhD, Dianna J. Magliano, PhD, Nicholas J. Thomas, MD, and Tina Costacou, PhD
PMID: 41460978
Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes—2023
Lars C. Stene, PhD, Jill M. Norris, MPH, PhD, and Marian Rewers, MD, PhD
PMID: 38117928
Sociodemographic Characteristics of Youth and Adults With Diabetes—2024
Sarah S. Casagrande, PhD and Tiffany L. Gary-Webb, PhD, MHS
PMID: 39652705
Section II: Complications of Diabetes and Related Conditions
Disability and Diabetes in Adults—2024
Scott J. Pilla, MD, MHS, Mary R. Rooney, PhD, MPH, and Rozalina G. McCoy, MD, MS
PMID: 39652706
Heart Disease and Diabetes—2023
Rita R. Kalyani, MD, MHS, Brendan M. Everett, MD, MPH, Leigh Perreault, MD, and Erin D. Michos, MD, MHS
PMID: 38117924
Infections Associated With Diabetes—2026
Leonard E. Egede, MD, MS, Rebekah J. Walker, PhD, Jennifer A. Campbell, PhD, MPH, Surksha Sirichand, MBBS, Angad Singh Gill, MBBS, Zachary B. Wikerd, MD, Mahmoud Ismail, MD, and Obinna Ekwunife, PhD
PMID: 41812007
Kidney Disease and Diabetes—2024
Meda E. Pavkov, MD, PhD, Alain K. Koyama, ScD, Petter Bjornstad, MD, and Robert G. Nelson, MD, PhD
PMID: 39571058
Liver and Gallbladder Disease in Persons With Diabetes—2026
Constance E. Ruhl, MD, PhD, Fasiha Kanwal, MD, MSHS, and Aynur Unalp-Arida, MD, PhD
PMID: 42228785
Psychosocial and Behavioral Health Among Youth and Adults With Diabetes—2025
Sarah S. Jaser, PhD, McKenzie K. Roddy, PhD, and Aislinn B. Beam, PhD
PMID: 40106652
Stroke and Diabetes in Adults—2025
Chen Chen, PhD, Wen Ye, PhD, Christopher Becker, MD, Shihchen Kuo, RPh, PhD, Lewis B. Morgenstern, MD, and Lynda D. Lisabeth, PhD
PMID: 41370623
Section III: Medical Care for Diabetes
Health Insurance and Diabetes—2023
Sarah S. Casagrande, PhD, Joohyun Park, PhD, William H. Herman, MD, MPH, and Kai McKeever Bullard, PhD
PMID: 38117923
Medication Use and Self-Care Practices in Persons With Diabetes—2024
Irl B. Hirsch, MD, Catherine Pihoker, MD, Alissa Roberts, MD, Anna Zenno, MD, and Phuc Le, PhD, MPH
PMID: 39298640
Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes—2024
Amy E. Rothberg, MD, Jamy D. Ard, MD, Kimberly A. Gudzune, MD, MPH, and William H. Herman, MD, MPH
PMID: 38696642
Quality of Care in Adults with Diabetes—2025
Jennifer H. Hwang, DO, MSc, Mohammed K. Ali, MD, MSc, MBA, and Elbert S. Huang, MD, MPH, FACP
PMID: 40063710
Section IV: Prevention of Diabetes
Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes—2024
Laura M. Jacobsen, MD, Desmond A. Schatz, MD, Kevan C. Herold, MD, and Jay S. Skyler, MD, MACP, FRCP
PMID: 38843373
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults - 2025
Ronald T. Ackermann, MD, MPH, Kirsten S. Dorans, ScD, Taynara Formagini, PhD, MSc, and Matthew J. O’Brien, MD, MSc
PMID: 41284805
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Diabetes in America is in the public domain of the United States. You may use the work without restriction in the United States.